Evaluation des effets de la gestion communautaire des réserves marines dans le Sud-Ouest de Madagascar (Cas de la zone Salary Nord)

Abstract

In the South-western Madagascar, it was noted a reduction of octopus Octopus cyanea fishing
production since 1990. To face to that, marine reserves have been initiated by the WWF and its
partners (WCS, PACP,…) in the North Salary zone, under the aegis of the "Soariake"
Community association which manages five temporary marine reserves. In 2010, the fishing
zones closure –in June to mid-August, was adopted. An evaluation of the effect-reserve and
influence of Community management were led in order to determine the impacts of measures of
octopus fishing.
Methodology is primarily based on the capture per unit of effort (CPUE) comparative study
before and after the reserve closure, then in the reserves zone and out of the reserves, according
to the BACI (Before-After Control-Impact) principle. The sampling of fishermen capture was
done before the period of closure and during the reopening of the reserve within five villages.
This approach was supplemented thereafter by the analysis of local perception on the effects of
closures in order to appreciate the degree of the temporary marine reserves appropriation by the
local population.
The present study made it possible to conclude that the Community marine reserves can be one
of the means to manage the halieutics resources. They allow an increase of fishing output in the
reserve zones at the time of their reopening. At the level of three reserves, North Salary 2 village
and the one for Tsandamba, the CPUE present a significant difference indeed, unlikely to North
Salary 1, Bekodoy and Andravona which did not have effect-reserve because of the weak capture
during the opening due to the infringements or exploitation of the reserve during its closure.
Key words: South-western Madagascar, North Salary zone, traditional fishing, temporary marine
reserves, effect-reserve, Community management