Évaluation de la gouvernance locale des ressources naturelles marines à Madagascar : cas de l’AMP Soariake (Région AtsimoAndrefana), AMP Ankivonjy et AMP Ankarea (Région Diana)

Abstract

MPA is one of the promising solutions for the conservation and sustainable management
of marine and coastal ecosystems, including co-management between the local community and
the delegator for the case of Madagascar. However, the effectiveness of this management
depends on good governance. This study is carried out to assess the efficiency of this
governance based on the basic attributes of good governance and on the regulation of the
activities practiced in the governed areas, case of the Soariake, Ankivonjy and Ankarea MPAs
(from October 2019 to November 2020). On the one hand, the NRGT approach showed that the
Soariake governance group has the basic conditions for the practice of good governance of
natural resources (authority score 0.567, capacity 0.638 and power 0.49) despite the low scores
calculated. But, this is not the case for the Ankarea and Ankivonjy AMPs, the attributes scores
are close to 0 or even negative, which reflects the weakness of the groups. On the other hand,
the RBCS approach revealed that sustainable use areas are threatened by the diversification of
the exploitation materials and techniques accentuated by infringements (high protection index
« mean value 6 »). It means that MPAs are partially protected. The weakness of the governance
groups in terms of rules application is the main sources of the repeated infractions and the
diversification of the exploitation materials and techniques which weaken the protection level
of some sub-zone constituting the MPA (r = 0.972 ; p = 0.001). Overall, for this local
governance of MPAs, the criteria of effectiveness are not being reached referring to the
governance group's capacity and the protection level of the governed areas.