etude des moyens d’existence des menages ruraux dans la baie de toliara, sud-ouest de madagascar

Abstract

The small-scale fishing contributes to the social and economic subsistence of fishing
households. Yet little attention is given to their study. Thus, this present study was carried out
from February to May 2019 to study their livelihoods in the bay of Toliara, Southwestern
Madagascar. This study aims to analyze the relationships between their development and
fishing activities. Thus, fishing households were chosen randomly from the list of fishers having
a fishing activity monitored for 25 days at least. So, 166 fishers households distributed in four
villages (Mahavatse-2, Ankiembe-bas, Ankilibe and Sarodrano) and 41 other non-fishermen
were surveyed. In addition, the semi-structured interview with key informants and the
questionnaire with fishermen were done. In this study, the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach
(SLA) was adapted to the local context. Thus, three main axes were analyzed: vulnerability
(exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity), livelihood strategies (S1: exclusive fisher, S2 :
fisher having another activity non fishing and S3: non fisher) and livelihood outcomes (income,
food security and activities sustainability). The study allowed to find that 36% of fisher
households were in S1 strategy whereas 64% in one S2 and 40% of S1 households and 44% of
S2 had a same family background as S3 households. The main income sources of S3 households
were activities such as wage employment, service provision and trade. S1 households had the
lowest annual income with 4 million versus 6.5 million (S3) and 4.8 million MGA / year (S2).
Almost all the households were in below the absolute poverty line of US$ 1.90 per capita per
day (7 086 MGA), nevertheless their revenue level was not perceived to be in the absolute
poverty. Finally, this study may allow to continue a long-term monitoring of reef fishing socioeconomic impacts in the Toliara region.
Keywords: Small-scale fishing, Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, Vulnerability,
Livelihood, Toliara Bay